At this point there are no validated prognostic or predictive biomarkers for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Prognostication is currently performed with algorithms containing a mixture of clinical and laboratory measures, and include the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Leibovitch, and University of California at Los Angeles prognostic tools. Although efforts have been made to expand these criteria using tissue characteristics and various biomarkers, none of these have reached common usage, likely due to a lack of robustness of the biomarkers being used. The experiments proposed in this application will expand on promising leads developed by the collaborative team in this grant. The use of single nucleotide polymorphism or oligonucleotide arrays to generate a virtual karyotype is a relatively inexpensive, reliable, and powerful application of a robust technology that can potentially provide a wealth of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive genomic information. We have published data demonstrating that loss of 14q and gain of 8q possess strong negative prognostic value.