In a study of proportional cancer incidence among 17,040 Chernobyl clean-up workers from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania followed from 1986 to 2007, we did not observe a significantly elevated risk of leukemia (PIR=1.04; 95% CI: 0.68-1.52). A higher proportion of thyroid cancers in relation to the male population of these countries was found, especially among those who started their mission shortly after the accident.