In collaboration with the Shanghai Cancer Institute and Vanderbilt University, a prospective cohort study is underway among 300 women and 300 men participating in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study and the Shanghai Men’s Health Study. The objectives of the study are to 1) develop a physical activity questionnaire that includes standardized questions about all types and parameters of physical activity; 2) to assess the validity and reliability of this comprehensive physical activity questionnaire in the Shanghai cohorts using three objective measures of physical activity (accelerometer, pedometer, and long-distance corridor walk); and 3) to evaluate whether types and parameters of physical activity are associated with circulating levels of specific inflammatory markers that have been linked to cancer risk.